The hardening of Pharaoh’s heart troubles many commentators.
Some commentators address this theological problem by explaining that Pharaoh deserved to lose his free will (e.g. Ramban). Others answer by explaining the text in a literal manner (e.g. Sforno), that the term “hardening of the heart” does not denote a loss of free will.
In this lesson for grades 7-12, we will examine four different approaches to this problem. We will study the text that describes the Ten Plagues (i.e. Chapters 7:14-11), which covers most of Parshiot Va’era and Bo.
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How has October 7th impacted your connection to Israel? Since then, is there someone you have been holding in your heart? These are just some of the questions Dr. Jonathan Golden incorporates in his Israel education paradigm of using the heart (feelings), head (questions), and hand (thoughts) to
This guide serves as a support for people reading and teaching this classic work by Martin Buber.
This guide provides additional resources for reading and reflecting on Psalm 27 during the High Holy Day season.